Improvement widening and development of existing roads
The population in Ludhiana city increased from about 1.20 lacs to 10.42 lacs during the period 1947-91, according to census figures. The growth rate for the period 1981 - 1991 was around 71.77%. The present population of Ludhiana is around 15-16 lacs including floating and migratory population. But the road network system in the city has not improved much during this period. The city is faced with many problems such as mixed traffic and commercial exploitation on the roads without adequate road carriage ways and parking areas. Geometrics of the roads and the road intersections in the city, especially in the old parts, are obsolete and they generate acute traffic congestion. Temporary encroachments on the roads leave less passage for the free flow of traffic. The total length of the roads and brick paved streets including cement concrete roads is 1325 kms. with 3 metre width).

Construction of By-passes
Due to increased traffic in Ludhiana city, the present by-pass is heavily congested and is hardly serving any useful purpose of a by-pass. This road has more or less became one of the major city roads. Keeping in view the long-term perspective of  Ludhiana city and increasing traffic construction of the following by-passes. 
(i) Construction of by-pass from Ludhiana-Chandigarh road N.H. No. 1 near Ladowal 
Keeping in view heavy traffic passing through Ludhiana city, it is proposed to construct a by-pass from Ludhiana-Chandigarh road near Bhaini Sahib to G.T. road near Ladowal. The approx, length of this by-pass will be 43.00 kms. It will connect Ludhiana-Chandigarh   road at Bhaini Sahib to Mattewara, which is already a link road 10' wide with a land width of 45'. From Mattewara to Ladowal, this road will run along the Sutlej Bund where the Government land is available. Briefly, no land acquisition is required for the construction of this by-pass. It will be 7 metre wide consisting of two layers of granular material, 3 layers of W.B.M. with 75mm thick compacted B.M. and 25mm thick asphaltic concrete. All curves are proposed to be widened and improved as per design speed alongwith widening of one bridge over Budha Nallah near Koom Kalan. The approx, cost of this project is Rs. 4270 lacs and it will be completed within a period of two years. With the construction of this by-pass, the entire traffic coming from Chandigarh side desiring to go to Jalandhar, Amritsar and Pathankot sides can be diverted on this by-pass. So much so, traffic coming from Delhi could also be diverted through this by- pass via Khanna and Samrala. The traffic congestion in Ludhiana city can be greatly reduced with the construction of this by-pass.
(ii) Construction of by-pass from Mullanpur to Ladowal
Keeping in view the congestion of traffic in Ludhiana city, Punjab Govt. has proposed to construct a by-pass from Mullanpur to Ludhiana-Ferozepur road to Ladowal on G.T. road. It is presently a link road 10' wide with a land width varying from 33' to 66' except in a reach of 4 kms. where total land acquisition is required. The length of this by-pass will be 27.50 kms. and total 43.82 acres of land is required to be acquired. It will be a 7 metre wide road with 60' to 66' land width. It will be constructed as per MO.S.T. specifications consisting of 2 layers of granular material, 3 layers of W.B.M. and 75mm compacted B.M thickness with 25mm thick Asphaltic concrete. The approximate cost of this project is Rs. 4255 lacs and it can be completed within a period of two years. With the construction of this by-pass, the entire traffic coming from Ferozepur and Faridkot sides going to Jalandhar will be diverted on this by-pass. There will be a lot of convenience and P.O.L. saving with the construction of this by-pass. The estimated cost of these projects is as under:

Construction of road overbridges and flyovers
With the increased traffic, it has become urgently essential to take up the construction of a number of road overbridges and flyovers so that the smooth flow of traffic on critical points is ensured. As per the earlier programmes formulated at the city level, a number of such proposals are already in progress and new proposals have also been formulated as a long term requirements for improving the road infrastructure in this fast growing city. The proposal for the construction of road overbridges and flyovers covers the following:- 
i)Construction of motorable bridge in place of existing pedestrian wooden bridge
The work stands administratively approved by Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana for Rs.935.70 lacs as deposit work. The work stands allotted to the contractual agency but construction is held up due to non-clearance of site by Railways. Rs. 100.00 lacs have already been deposited by the Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana with the department. Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana has also deposited Rs. 400.001acs with the Railways for the construction of the bridge Construction of R.O.B. on Ludhiana-Dhuri railway line in place of existing level crossing No.2A near Preet Palace. It is proposed to construct a flyover crossing kudhiana-Dhuri rail line at Ludhiana. This bridge will also cover Gill Chowk at Ludhiana. Earlier, this work was administratively approved by the Government for Rs.1295.00 lacs under head 5054- R&B(Plan) and N.I.T. for the same was approved. But the tender process was withheld to get the same executed on B.O.T basis. To make this project viable, architectural drawings were prepared by he Chief Architect, Punjab which are under process of clearance by the Local Government. The cost of the project on B.O.T. basis including multi-stroeyed commercial centre is likely to be Rs.7900.00 lacs.
ii) Construction of R. O.B. crossing Ludhiana-Delhi railway line near Dhandari Kalan 
G.T. road passes alongside industrial area near Dhandari Kalan railway station. The level crossing leading to the industrial focal point is a traffic hazard as most of the time level crossing remains closed due to movement of trains on busy Ludhiana-Delhi railway line. It is proposed to construct R.O.B. in place of existing level crossing connecting GT road to industrial area near Dhandari Kalan. The approximate cost of the R.O.B. will be Rs.1200.00 lacs. 
iii) Construction of overbridge on Ludhiana-Ferozepur road crossing Bharat Nagar Chowk 
Bharat Nagar Chowk situated in the heart of Ludhiana city has very heavy traffic coming and going to all corners of the city especially towards bus stand and railway station. It is proposed to construct over bridge-over this Chowk for smooth plying of the traffic. The likely cost of the flyover bridge will be Rs. 1400.00 lacs.
iv) Construction of flyover on Samrala Chowk on N.H.1 K.M. 314.5(By-pass)
National Highway Nol bye-pass passes through Transport Nagar, Ludhiana. Due to very heavy vehicular traffic at Samrala Chowk passing on National Highway No. 1 and Ludhiana-Chandigarh road, traffic remains suspended for hours. There is an urgent need to construct an over-bridge instead of rotary crossing in Samrala Chowk to regulate free flow of traffic. The approximate cost of the bridge is likely to be Rs. 1400.00 lacs. The abstract of cost for R.O.B./flyover in Central Works Circle(P.W.D. B&R) is given in Annexure-IV. It is estimated that Rs.7521 lacs will be required to be spent. 

Construction of bridges/culverts on Budha Nallah and Sidhwan canal 
A number of residential colonies and mixed development have come up in the vicinity of Sidhwan canal and Budha Nallah. In order to provide proper interaction of localities and smooth flow of traffic in all the areas adjoining Sidhwan canal and Budha Nallah, it is proposed to take up the construction of a number of bridges/culverts. Important locations and rough cost stimates under this proposal are given in Annexure-V. It is estimated that Rs. 1040 lacs will be required for this scheme.
Provision of subways/overhead pedestrian foot-paths
Due to heavy traffic on a large number of major roads in the city, the provisions of subways/overhead pedestrian footpaths is an urgent necessity. For this purpose, a number of points have been identified on major roads for providing this facility. The proposal for the construction of subways and overhead  pedestrian footpaths is given in the enclosed Annexure-VI. This scheme will cost Rs. 360 lacs.
Proposal for truck stand and Transport Nagar adjoining GT road
Due to increasing need fbr a truck stand in this industrial city of Ludhiana. it is proposed to construct a new truck stand along or near GT road Dhandari Kalan which may be constructed on modern lines of development. It will also have all the facilities of a modern Transport Nagar with requisite residential and commercial developments and large parking areas properly connected with major-road infrastructure as the present truck stand has become over-crowded and highly congested. The district authorities have worked out a proposal for developing the truck stand in about 100 acres of site and this will be fully self-financing scheme, the details of which are given in Annexure-Vll. An expenditure of Rs. 10064 lacs is expected to be incurred on this scheme. 
Proposal for construction of new bus stands
The present bus stand of Ludhiana is located in the heart of the city and is not adequately serving the purpose of inter-city/inter-state bus terminus. Besides, the bus traffic is causing a lot of congestion on the roads terminating into this bus stand. The issue of shifting of the bus stand and construction of the new bus stand has been under the consideration of the district administration and the local authorities for quite some time. Immediately, the Agro Industries Corporation site along GT road on Jalandhar side by-pass in about 12 acres and another site of about 5.13 acres on Chandigarh road are proposed to be taken up for construction of new bus stands. The details of the proposal and the cost of estimates are given in Annexure-
The construction of these two bus stands is estimated to cost Rs.2700 lacs. With the expansion of Ludhiana as a large metropolitan city in future, these bus stand sites may serve useful purpose and relieve congestion froTM the main city being located on the outskirts. The present bus stand may continue to serve the purpose of a local bus stand. In addition to these sites to be taken up in the first phase, it will be desirable to also develop atleast two more sites on Ferozepur road side and GT road Ambala side. The location on GT road Ambala side may also provide the facility of repair and maintenance workshops as part of development of industrial areas and Transport Nagar including truck stand facilities etc. These sites will be suitably located keeping in view the major road network infrastructure and availability of sites including parameters.
Improvement and development of railway station area
The improvement and development of railway station area will cover the following components and expenditure in this regard will be borne by the railway authorities. The district administration and the Municipal Corporation authorities will coordinate for the implementation of the programme for face lifting of the railway station, provision of amenities & facilities in this area:-

•  Development of circulation area of railway station, parking amenities and face- lifting.
•  Remodelling of Ludhiana railway station yard: Railway Mal-godown is situated in the heart of the city. The heavy transport of loading and unloading of goods in railway Mal-godown is causing a serious problem in the smooth flow of traffic. 
•  Construction of platform No 6 & 7.

Civil aviation
There is an urgent need to improve and develop the civil aviation infrastructure of Ludhiana for providing all the modern facilities as per details given below:- 
i) Requirement of civil aerodrome in Ludhiana 
The present air-field is located at Sahnewal on the South-West direction i.e. runway 30/12 with a length of 4800 ft. which is fit for passenger aircraft upto 50- seater. Earlier Vayudoot flight with 48 passengers operated. In view of the expansion of the city as indicated in the meeting on 25.1.1997 by the Deputy Commissioner, Ludhiana, this runway could be further extended for Boeing 737 type of aircraft with plus 100 seat capacity towards Shanewal side. There is cultivated land available on this side. The width of the aerodrome on this (East) side is 1084 ft. This included aircraft parking area and flying club hanger. The additional requirement of land is 2000/2500 ft in length. Since the basic strip for the aircraft should always be 500 ft. in width with a clear area on both sides to avoid any mishap in case aircraft skids on either side, therefore, total area in length required is 2000/2500 ft. and in width 800 ft. 
ii) Requirement for such type of service
It is mentioned that the present LCN (Load Carriage) of this runway is just around 14 whereas in case of Boeing aircraft it is required plus 30. Hence to introduce such type of flights, in addition to acquisition of land, the strength of the present runway has to be made upto this standard. The approximate cost in addition to acquisition of land shall be around Rs. 20 crores. Since Ludhiana city is being expanded keeping in view the next 20 years requirements, the air field has to be provided with the following other facilities:- ·

• Refueling station.
• Cargo complex.
• Incoming passenger lounge.

• Passenger lounge,(departure and incoming).
• Restaurant.
• Cargo complex
• Car parking area
• Security offices
• Administrative offices etc.

All the above facilities could be provided by acquiring only 25 acres of land. Moreso, if Halwara airfield is used for civil flights, the Government would save on the following accounts also:-

l)    Fire fighting facility
2)    Air traffic control
3)    Refueling facility
4)     Runway

All the above four facilities are already available at Halwara airport and, therefore, cost factor for making Halwara airfield for use of civil aircrafts is minimum and the expenditure of the State Government on this account is very nominal. The State Government has to acquire land and hand over to Airport Authority of India who will provide such civil facilities as mentioned above and, therefore, there will not be any financial liability on the State Government. These facilities are to be controlled by Airport Authority of India in view of the DGCA norms.  For the development of Ludhiana airport, Sahnewal, the rough cost estimate is given in Annexure-IX. It is expected that Rs.2400 lacs will be required to be spent on this scheme. 
Traffic management
Various components of traffic management proposed for improving the existing traffic conditions in the city are given below:-
i)     Spot fines
Powers for compounding of fines(spot fines) for traffic offences should be delegated to the police to avoid harassment to the public and to ensure better traffic enforcement. More than 22,000 traffic challans are pending in Ludhiana city alone. A notification in the Punjab Motor Vehicles Rules is required in this regard. Such an arrangement already exists in Delhi, Chandigarh and other places.
ii)    Budgetary  allocation/lack of funds
Separate budget allocation for media insertions for traffic education and enforcement may be made. Revenue realised from traffic  challans/fines should be collected under a separate head and used for carrying out various traffic improvement measures in the city. Traffic control branch, Ludhiana has not been provided with a separate budget. Separate allocation of budget for traffic police would help better implementation of plans for traffic management and to ensure road safety.
iii) Lack of traffic control devices
There are  a record of 10 lakh registered vehicles in the city apart from 70,000 which cross the city on a daily basis. Efficiency in the functioning of traffic police personnel could be brought about by procurement of modem traffic control equipments like speed radars and breath analysers..
iv) Lack of enforcement staff
Keeping in view the number of vehicles population,' slow moving traffic, point and parking duties, traffic patrolling and traffic education, the present strength of the traffic control branch is absolutely inadequate to regulate the traffic.
v) Lack of traffic training to enforcement staff
Training for constabulary and Inspectors should be arranged at the Traffic Institute at Bombay, and if necessary, they may be sent to other metropolitan cities to get better exposure and understanding. Senior level management positions such as DSPs required exposure to training programmes that would make them knowledgeable about the fundamentals of traffic education, engineering and enforcement. Senior level officers may be exposed to refresher courses in the Central Road Research Institute at New Delhi and they may be associated with Traffic Control and Engineering authorities of major metropolitan cities for short periods to understand actual procedures and systems adopted by them for traffic  management.
vi) Lack of local public transport system
Public transport system for the city should be introduced both to reduce pollution and the number of vehicles on the road. 
vii) MRTS
A proposal for establishment of a MRTS (Mass rapid transit system) should be worked out immediately. The work could be got done on BOT basis. A study should be initiated to find the system which is most suited to the city.
viii) Registration of vehicles
Registration of all kinds of motor vehicles and auto-rickshaws which are plying as taxis and public carriers should be made compulsory. All the powers in this regard should be delegated to the D.T.O.s from the office of S.T.C. This is absolutely essential as a lot of crime is being committed by vehicle-borne criminals. A large amount of revenue is also being lost on this count by the state. 
ix) Suspension/cancellation of driving licences
Suspension/cancellation of driving licences of drivers responsible for causing fatal and serious injury accidents sould be effected. An amendment in the Motor Vehicles Rules might be required in this connection. The punishing authority i.e. the courts do not make any entry in the relevant registration copy or the driving licences for traffic violations even after convictions. The DTO offices are quite inadequately equipped to handle additional workload of making endorsements in the driving licences. Additional manpower may need to be sanctioned for the purpose.
x) Parking regulations
Wherever on-street parking regulation has been introduced, the same should be strictly enforced. Prohibition on parking by space and time should be introduced on all the arterial streets. In dense shopping areas, one side parking on alternate days or on the non peak flow directions in the morning and evening could be proposed. In general, only parallel parking for cars and right angled parking for two wheelers should be allowed on all arterial streets and that too when street width, traffic flow volumes and capacity consideration allow for parking. Angular parking may be considered only in exceptionally wide streets where traffic volumes are low. Municipal Corporation should start pay and park schemes on all arterial streets (with lower tariff to begin with) to discourage long term parking on kerbside and increase turn over of spare parking space. Multi-storey parking lots should be developed on commercial lines. In commercial shopping centres , provision of parking should be ensured by the local authority strictly as per building bye- laws.
xi) Pollution
Vehicular emissions from the massive population of the city are responsible for the environmental pollution in Ludhiana. The absence of a mass rapid transport system or city transport system which can ensure a shin from Iow capacity modes to high capacity modes of transport had led to mushrooming of auto-rickshaws and a large number of personalised transport modes on the limited road space. Most of the auto-rickshaws operating in the city, which according to an estimate number about 30000, have modified engines which run on kerosene/diesel oil and are the cause of most of the pollution caused by vehicular emissions. Even the body of the autos has been modified and enlarged and the fuel used is often adulterated. Large number of the auto-rickshaws are not registered in Ludhiana and have not paid road taxes for long times. Regulation of the auto- rickshaws is an absolute necessity. Pollution checks should be carried out by the transport department and the pollution control board.
xii) Noise Pollution
The blaring of loudspeakers at social and religious functions and religious institutions is the main cause of noise pollution in the city. Punitive fines could be levied on persons and institutions violating the regulations laid down in this regard. 

Comprehensive traffic and transportation planning of ludhiana
Ludhiana is the largest city of the state of Punjab and is one of the most important industrial and business centres of India. It enjoys special character of international repute of producing hosiery and sports good. It has a strong economic base due to large scale formal industries and industrial estates. This has resulted into a rapid and sizable expansion of the city both physically and demographically. Subsequently, the potential of accelerated economic growth of the city has been challenged by various developmental and infrastructural problems. Obviously, the wheel of progress cannot run in isolation and ,therefore, requires simultaneous improvement in its mobility. The rapid growth of population has led to deterioration of level of services of different systems in the city and has been defuncting as well as deforming the city character by undesirable developments. The emerging traffic and transportation problems have assumed serious dimensions and have created adverse operational and environmental atmosphere for the city. At present, city faces acute traffic and transportation problems due to various inter-related deficiencies.
In this context, the Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana have initiated programme to solve traffic and transportation problems and have retained the services of Transportation Planning Consultants, New Delhi to assess the prevailing chaos and derive solutions for the same. The overall exercise involved extensive surveys and analytical outcomes thereby indicating short-term cost effective solutions and long- term capital intensive solutions in terms of a package of viable projects. The project in totality comprises two parts namely (i) Traffic Management Plan detailing short- term and least costly solutions and (ii) Main report of Comprehensive Transportation Plan indicating medium-term and long-term solutions. The recommendations include augmentation of road network by improving weaker road links, providing missing links and alleviating bottlenecks, strengthening the role of public transport system, safeguarding pedestrian mobility, strengthening parking facilities and several other supporting solutions.
In order to improve the traffic and transportation conditions of Ludhiana on the basis of comprehensive traffic and transportation plan prepared by the consultants, further action on the following lines needs to be taken on urgent priority basis by the Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana.
i) Steps may be taken to implement the comprehensive traffic and transportation plan as per the recommendation of the report. 
ii) A sound traffic planning division may be set up in the Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana with requisite trained professional staff including introducing computerisation in the field of traffic and transportation planning and management. 
iii) Services of the traffic and transportation planning consultants may also be utilised so that the recommendations of the transportation planning report are implemented.
Status of water supply sewerage and drainage in Ludhiana
Ludhiana is the biggest city of Punjab state. Municipal Committee, Ludhiana was set up in 1886. The city is well connected by road and rail with the rest of the country. The city occupies a place of pride on the industrial map of the country. Now even medium industries in the manufacturing of hosiery machines, machine tools, motor parts, oil engines and varied types of agricultural implements, cutting and pressing machines are also established. 
Status of existing water supply:
Water supply of this city is based on underground source i.e. tubewells. Ttubewells have been drilled and 100% of the population is being served from these .  
Status of existing sewerage system
About 75% of the population is being served with sewerage facility.
Electrification and streetlighting
The requirement of land for erection of new 220 KV and 66 KV grid sub stations for the development of of Ludhiana city for next 20 years is described hereunder. The tentative cost of land is Rs.4410 lacs. Therefore, an amount of Rs. 1500 lacs is expected to be incurred during the next 5 years.
As far streetlighting is concerned, there are about 36000 streetlight points presently installed in the city.